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Ephesus
is vividly alluded to in Acts 19-20 in connection with St.
Paul's extended ministry at Ephesus. Apostle Paul is
believed to have spent two and a half years in Ephesus
during his third missionary journey, until a riot forced
him to leave the city rapidly. Some authorities believe
that St. Paul was imprisoned in the so called Prison of St.
Paul in Ephesus. Eventually, the belief in Christ and the
veneration of his Blessed Mother replaced the worship of
Artemis and the other deities.
Ephesus was the site of the third ecumenical council in
431 AD, at which the question of the Virgin Mary being the
mother of God was debated. In this council it was decided
that Christ had a double nature as God and man, and the
Virgin Mary was theotokos (god
bearer). |
The
second pilgrimage center for Christians, also home to the Virgin Mary and
St.John. In 431
A.D., the second ecumenical council convened in the church of the Virgin Mary. The
same church is also known as one of the "Seven
Churches of the Apocalypse". There is also
a Basilica where St.John was buried and nearby is Bülbül mountain where the house of
the Virgin Mary is located. There is a foundation in front of the Odeum of the city. It is thought
to be the foundation of an ancient temple that was later converted into a church.
A bull's head carved in the doorjamb once led people to believe that this was the tomb of
St. Luke since
the bull's head was an ancient symbol for him. When Paul returned from Corinth to
Ephesus, he stayed briefly in the city
and talked the people of Ephesus in the synagogue where he
was asked to stay longer. He promised and said : "I shall come back to you if it is God's will"
(Acts
18:18-20) and he left Ephesus for Phoenecia and
Jerusalem. On his next journey to Ephesus, St. Paul stayed longer and taught to his followers all the details of the Christian
faith,
during this two year period.
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His relation with the locals started to go bitter when he
preached that "gods
made by human
hands are not gods at all"
(Acts
19:26).
After a public speech in the great amphitheater, the angry citizens of Ephesus reacted
violently, led by Demetrius, a leader of the
silversmiths. Paul was saved from the uproar
of the people by the city clerk. However, it was apparent to Paul that he had better leave
the city as soon as possible. Calling his followers together, he said goodbye to them with
words of encouragement and set off for Macedonia (Acts 19:28,
20:1).
St Paul returned
to Ephesus later.St.John came to
Ephesus in 40 A.D. with the Virgin Mary. They lived here until their deaths. He presided
over the churches of Asia in the later years of his life and was buried where the church
of St.John now stands on Ayasuluk hill. Durign the reign of Byzantine's emperor Justinian,
the church was made into a cathedral. Some of its collapsed columns have been set up again
recently. Besides the nave, there is a baptistery and a small chapel with some frescoes.
St. John's tomb is still there.
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The home of Virgin Mary,
is now
visited by hundreds of thousands of pilgrims each year. The pilgrims come to drink the
waters of the sacred spring, to meditate, to pray for health, and to breathe the holy
atmosphere of this ancient place of worship. Pope Paul VI visited the place in 1967 and
recently Pope John Paul II came to celebrate the mass here and prayed in both churches and
Ephesus itself.
St.John wrote the following words to the people of
Ephesus and the church in Ephesus: Revelation |
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(2:1)
To the angel of the church in Ephesus write:
This is the message from the one who holds the seven stars in his right hand and who walks
among the seven gold lampstands.
(2:2)
I know what you have done; I know how hard you have worked
and how patient you have been. I know that you can not tolerate evil man and that you have
tested those who say they are apostles but are not, and have found out that they are
liars.
(2:3) You are
patient, you have suffered for my sake, and you have not given
up.
(2:4) But this is what I have against you : you do not love me now as you did at
first.
(2:5) Think how far you have
fallen! Turn from your sins and do what you did at
first. If you don't turn from your sins, I will come to you and take your lampstand from
its place.
(2:6) But this is what you have in your favor : you hate what the Nicolaitans do,
as much as I do.
(2:7) If you have
ears, then, listen to what the Holy Spirit says to the
churches! To those who win the victory I will give the right to eat the fruit of the tree
of life that grows in the Garden of God.
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