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 BERGAMA
(PERGAMON) |
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POPULATION: 94.022
DISTANCE FROM
IZMIR: 110
km
Advantages Offered by
Bergama: Huge agricultural
production of especially cotton and olives in the hinterland of the
Aegean Region. Due to the high quality of
the cotton cultivated in this area Bergama has good prospects of being a
textile centre. A developed mining
sector. Bergama that forms a mosaic
of historical and cultural tourism is a distinctive district with the
ruins of ancient civilizations. The main transit road
crosses this district
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We want our history back
The splendid altar of Zeus
at the entrance of the Acropolis was taken to Berlin Museum by Carl Humann in 1871. A
fligth of 20 steps leads up to this remarkable structure, which dwarfs the room at Berlin
Museum, as it awaits expectantly the day when it will be released from confinement and
return to its hilltop site in Pergamum |
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Bergama,
one of the most important touristic centers of our country, draws a large number of
tourists. It was once the capital of Hellenic Kingdom of Pergamom still richly bearing the
artistic and historical vestigates.
Bergama which is a district of Izmir, this
magnificent ancient city are situated north of Izmir on the plateau which the
Bakircay flows,
on the ridge of a peak which is 300 meters height. It is 25-35 kilometers further than the
Agean sea and The Candarli Bay. It’s today’s name comes from its ancient name (Pergamon). It was
an important center due to its wonderful monuments of the First Age, its strategic
position of the Medival Age besides it was a center of a big Kingdom, Karesioğulları and
lastly Ottoman Empire.
Pergamum was the most powerful and extensive kingdom of Western
Anatolia throughout the Greek Hellenistic periold. Parchment is thought to have been
invented here. |
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Bergama, once a great center of
culture, survives as one of Turkey's finest
archaeological sites.
Making your way up from the entrance, you will now see the Sacred Athena Temple which you can only see the traces at the
present. Antonius remains
which are on the left side of the enterance are left from the heroon of the
God-King I. Attalos and II. Eumenes. The
buildings in the front are the shops of the Hellenic period among which the stoical
remains of the Late Hellenic period stand. Once there was the Zeus Altar opposite the shops.
In the
Acropolis, on a hill above the modern town, are the remains of the
celebrated library (Antonius presented this
library, to Cleopatra for adding to the alexandrian Library which Caesar had
burnt), a steep and impressive
theatre, the
temples of Trajan and Dionysus, the
monumental altar of Zeus, the sanctuary of Demeter, a gymnasium laid out on three
terraces and the Agora. The Asclepion, located to the southwest of the lower
city, was a
sanctuary dedicated to the god of health, Asclepios. this
complex was one of the foremost heath centers of the ancient world. asclepeion Temple
and Demeter Temenos are other historical works. The Red Courtyard
devoted
to the Egyptian God Serapis was made of red brick tiles. |
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| On the hill which rises sharply in the centre of Pergamum is the Acropolis
and the world's steepest amphitheatre, with seating for 16,000 people. In town, visit the Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum; nearby, is the site
of a temple dedicated to Serapis, becoming one of the Seven Churches of the Apocalypse,
and subsequently converted by the Byzantines into a basilica. |
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The foundation date is not known exactly but the city walls
were built in 7 B.C. and it started to become urbanized according to the informations
which were gotten from the archeological excavations. Its name was heard in the
Anabasis of Ksenofon (355-35 2 B.C.) among the historical statements for the first time.
According to the knowledges in these statements in 547 B.C., Pergamon was in the hands of
the Pers who invaded Anatolia and they settled an organization there. The city which was
taken by Alexand er the Great in 334 B.C. was firstly taken by Frigya-Lykya King Autigonos and
then taken by King of Trakya king
Philaetairos after the Alexander the Great’s death. After Lysimakhos’ death Philaetoiros seperated from Trakya Kingdom and found a
new autonom civilization which was tied to Selevkos Kingdom, (283 B.C.).
This civilization
was made wholly independant by F. Eumenes (263-241
B.C.), Pergamon after half an hour century
continiued to be the cultural and the managerial center of the Kingdom which it gave its
name to. |
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It led its brilliant period during F. Attalos and his son. Various monuments such
as acropolis and theatre were erected in the city. The city went to the hold of Roman rule
with its glorious library, 120.000 population and parshomen paper that was produced from
the leather which the city takes its name from. It became an important center of Asian
province in Roman period.
Pergamon which was a castle city
surrounded by city walls at the top before, was surrounded in Attalos period
twice, it was
in the condition of being a big and a safety city and in the Roman period a panaroma
of expanding to plateau was seen. It strored this physical feature when it came to
Turks,
besides it regained vividness and it grew as an Turk City. According to the archive
records a small factoryzof grape bozashop, candle small factory at least 350 shops which
its incomes belong to some certain in stitutions, a bedesten, at least three
inns, four
Turkish Baths and a caravansarai were placed in the city. We can list the most clear
structures which endured till today and errected in Ottomans period as
below: Ulu Mosque (XIV.
Century), Çukurhan
(XV.
Century)
,Taşhan (1432) ,Bedesten
(XV.
Century), Kurşunlu Mosque
(1435) , Hacı Hakim Mosque
(1508-1509) ,
Ansarlı Mosque (1543) , Şadırvanlı Mosque
(1550), Selimiye Mosque
(1890-1891). |
| DiKiLi |
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POPULATION:
27.301
DISTANCE
FROM IZMIR:
120 km
Advantages
Offered by Dikili: Due
to its fertile soil and thermal springs crops can
be cultivated in greenhouses. Its geographical
location allows it to market its agricultural
products. Deep water fishing is possible. Olive
oil industry has the potential for development.
Historical and natural richness contributes to the
development of domestic and foreign tourism. There
is a potential for thermal tourism. There is a
port suitable for foreign trade. |
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frequented by cruise liners bringing visitors to Pergamon, is Bergama's harbour
town. It offers a relaxing atmosphere with many pleasant restaurants lining the Kordon
Promenade. A stop at the little port of
Çandarlı, the ancient Pitane, is
recommended in order to see the Genoese fortress, one of the best preserved in
Turkey. |
| ÇANDARLI |
In ancient times this site
was used as the port of the Pergamon Kingdom.There are
thermal water springs and mineral water springs in Bademli
and Nebiler. Most tourist from Mediterranean countries
enter Turkey from Dikili.
Çandarlı Castle is one of the best preserved castles in
Turkey. It was supposedly built in the 13th - 14th century
and was restored in 1995. Some vases and small pieces of
other art works which were found in the excavations (Pitane)
are exihibited in the Bergama
Archeological Museum. |
| KINIK |
POPULATION:
33.192
DISTANCE FROM IZMIR: 135
km
Advantages Offered by Kınık:
Its
soil with alluvium, efficient irrigation facilities
and the favourable climate increase the agricultural
potential. All kinds of fruits apart from citrus
fruits can be grown. Natural water springs are
suitable for bottling plants. |
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